Data in R
To run your code, click run. It will let you know if your code is correct or not, and will offer hints on what to fix if needed. If you are stuck, you can see the solution by clicking Solution.
Exercise 1: Data types
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Exercise 2: Vectors
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Exercise 3: Lists
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
Exercise 4: Data frames
{"language":"r","pre_exercise_code":"df <- read.csv(text=\"gvkey,datadate,fyear,tic,conm,at,dptc,lt,ni\n3243,20101231,2010,C,CITIGROUP INC,1913902,844968,1748113,10602\n3243,20111231,2011,C,CITIGROUP INC,1873878,865936,1694305,11067\n3243,20121231,2012,C,CITIGROUP INC,1864660,930560,1673663,7541\n3243,20131231,2013,C,CITIGROUP INC,1880382,968273,1674249,13673\n3243,20141231,2014,C,CITIGROUP INC,1842530,899332,1630485,7313\n3243,20151231,2015,C,CITIGROUP INC,1731210,907887,1508118,17242\n3243,20161231,2016,C,CITIGROUP INC,1792077,929406,1565934,14912\n3243,20171231,2017,C,CITIGROUP INC,1842465,959822,1640793,-6798\n114628,20101231,2010,GS,GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC,911332,38569,833104,8354\n114628,20111231,2011,GS,GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC,923225,46109,851396,4442\n114628,20121231,2012,GS,GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC,938555,70124,862331,7475\n114628,20131231,2013,GS,GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC,911507,70807,832714,8040\n114628,20141231,2014,GS,GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC,856240,83008,773039,8477\n114628,20151231,2015,GS,GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC,861395,97519,774208,6083\n114628,20161231,2016,GS,GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC,860165,124098,772766,7398\n114628,20171231,2017,GS,GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC,916776,138604,833980,4286\n2968,20101231,2010,JPM,JPMORGAN CHASE & CO,2117605,930369,1941499,17370\n2968,20111231,2011,JPM,JPMORGAN CHASE & CO,2265792,1127806,2082219,18976\n2968,20121231,2012,JPM,JPMORGAN CHASE & CO,2359141,1193593,2155072,21284\n2968,20131231,2013,JPM,JPMORGAN CHASE & CO,2415689,1287765,2204511,17923\n2968,20141231,2014,JPM,JPMORGAN CHASE & CO,2573126,1363427,2341061,21762\n2968,20151231,2015,JPM,JPMORGAN CHASE & CO,2351698,1279715,2104125,24442\n2968,20161231,2016,JPM,JPMORGAN CHASE & CO,2490972,1375179,2236782,24733\n2968,20171231,2017,JPM,JPMORGAN CHASE & CO,2533600,1443982,2277907,24441\n\", stringsAsFactors=FALSE)","sample":"# df contains 9 variables across 8 years and 3 banks\nhead(df)\n\n# Extract the 8th row of the dataframe (Citigroup in 2017), using square brackets\n\n\n# Calculate the ratio of deposits to assets for each firm-year.\n# dptc is the amount of deposits held by the bank\n# at is the amount of assets the bank had\n# Store this in a new column of the dataframe called \"ratio\"\n\n\n# What is the average (mean) of ratio?  Use the mean funtion to calculate this\nmean()\n\n# Now, sort the dataframe by ratio.  Finish the given command\nordering <- order()\ndf_sorted <- df[ordering,]  # This line is finished already\n\n\n# Lastly, which bank-year had the lowest ratio?\nprint(paste(df_sorted$fyear[1], df_sorted$conm[1],':',df_sorted$ratio[1]))  # This line is finished already\n\n\n# The highest ratio?\nr <- nrow(df_sorted)\nprint(paste(df_sorted$fyear[r], df_sorted$conm[r],':',df_sorted$ratio[r]))  # This line is finished already\n\n#END","solution":"# df contains 9 variables across 8 years and 3 banks\nhead(df)\n\n# Extract the 8th row of the dataframe (Citigroup in 2017), using square brackets\ndf[8,]\n\n# Calculate the ratio of deposits to assets for each firm-year.\n# dptc is the amount of deposits held by the bank\n# at is the amount of assets the bank had\n# Store this in a new column of the dataframe called \"ratio\"\ndf$ratio = df$dptc / df$at\n\n# What is the average (mean) of ratio?  Use the mean funtion to calculate this\nmean(df$ratio)\n\n# Now, sort the dataframe by ratio.  Finish the given command\nordering <- order(df$ratio)\ndf_sorted <- df[ordering,]  # This line is finished already\n\n\n# Lastly, which bank-year had the lowest ratio?\nprint(paste(df_sorted$fyear[1], df_sorted$conm[1],':',df_sorted$ratio[1]))  # This line is finished already\n\n# The highest ratio?\nr <- nrow(df_sorted)\nprint(paste(df_sorted$fyear[r], df_sorted$conm[r],':',df_sorted$ratio[r]))  # This line is finished already\n\n#END","sct":"# Template based on https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/testwhat/versions/4.1.1\n# Check if something is explicitly typed\n# test_student_typed('x <- 2', not_typed_msg='')\n\ntest_student_typed(\"df[8,]\",not_typed_msg = \"Make sure to output the 8th row of the data frame.\")\ntest_expression_output(\"sum(df$ratio)\",incorrect_msg = \"Remember to calculate `ratio` and add it to the dataframe.\")\ntest_function('mean',incorrect_msg='Did you use `mean()` to calculate the average ratio?')\ntest_output_contains(\"mean(df$ratio)\",incorrect_msg = \"Did you output the mean of `ratio`?\")\ntest_expression_output(\"df_sorted$ratio[1]\",incorrect_msg = \"Make sure to sort by `ratio`.\")\ntest_error()\nsuccess_msg(\"Awesome!\")\n\n# Check if function was used in input code\n\n\n# Requires an object `x` to have the same value as the solution\n\n\n# Requires an onject with the same value of `x` in the solution\n# test_an_object(\"x\",undefined_msg=\"\")\n\n# Checks if output of student's code contains given evaluated expression\n\n# Check if a vector of predefined objects are unchanged\n# test_predefined_objects(c('x','y'),incorrect_msg=\"Don't onverwrite the predefined variables\")\n\n# Checks for a regex pattern in trhe output\n# test_output_regex(pattern,fixed=F, times=1, incorrect_msg='')\n\n# Can check an arbitrary expression across both solution and student code\n# test_expression_output(\"typeof(company_name)\", incorrect_msg=\"Did you store textual data in `company_name`?\")\n\n\n\n# Other functions to note:\n#     - test_or(a,b) -- checks if either test a or test b pass\n#     - test_ggplot() -- can check if plots are correct\n#     - test_function() -- can also check included parameters\n#     - test_loop() -- checking for and while loops\n#     - test_library_function('package', not_called_msg='',incorrect_msg='')\n#     - test_if_else() -- checking if statements\n#     - test_expression_error() -- can check if functions are properly defined\n#     - test_operator('operator',), not_called_msg='',incorrect_msg='')\n#     - test_function_definition() -- rigorously check defined function\n#     - test_data_frame() -- check if dataframe [columns] are equivalent\n#     - test_function_result, test_expression_result"}
Exercise 5: Subsetting our data frame
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
Exercise 6: External library usage
Click the expand button to see the plot more clearly (note: may be blocked by pop-up blockers)
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Exercise 7: Making your own function
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